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Chrétien Urhan
Chrétien Urhan (Baptised as Christian Urhan; 16 February 1790 in Montjoie – 2 November 1845 in Belleville) was a French violinist, organist, composer and player of the viola and the viola d'amore.
== Career outline ==
His father first introduced him to the violin. He was first mentioned in 1804 by Joséphine de Beauharnais that he had replaced a violinist for a performance of Joseph Haydn's ''The Creation'', at the young age of 14. From there he was sent to work in Paris, where he took instruction from Jean-François Le Sueur, master of the chapel of the Tuileries Palace. He also learned from prominent teachers such as François Habeneck, Rodolphe Kreutzer and Pierre Rode. He was invited to join the imperial chapel as a violinist in 1810.
In this period the young Urhan shared lodgings with his friends the harpist Franz Anton Stockhausen (father of Julius Stockhausen) and the painter Carl Joseph Begas the elder (who was studying with Antoine-Jean Gros, 1813–15). In 1815, through a Quartermaster in the Prussian army of occupation, Urhan and Stockhausen (who corresponded with Ludwig van Beethoven) obtained a score of Beethoven's ''Eroica'' Symphony and set it before Habeneck, with the result that the work was introduced to Paris. The two were among ''Amis de Beethoven'', or ''Beethoven-Bruder'' in Paris, together with Wilhelm Mangold and others. In the early 1820s the violinist Sina, a member of the string quartet led by Schuppanzigh for Andrey Razumovsky, with Urhan gave new encouragement to Habeneck to continue with the master's works. Until Stockhausen's marriage to the singer Margarethe Schmuck, a member of their circle, in 1825, he lived with Urhan, who remained a lifelong friend.〔Wirth 1927, 3-12, 29.〕
In 1816, Urhan was appointed solo viola at the Paris Opera, and became solo violinist in 1825. Strongly Catholic, he was also appointed the organist at the Church of Saint-Vincent-de-Paul in Paris in 1827, a position that he held until his death. In this position he met the young Franz Liszt, with whom he played chamber music, and also the Beethoven Kreutzer Sonata in a mass. A number of composers wrote prominent parts for Urhan. Giacomo Meyerbeer composed for him solo viola and solo viola d'amore parts in his opera ''Les Huguenots'', and Rodolphe Kreutzer, the solo viola d'amore part in his opera ''Le Paradis de Mahomet''. In 1834, Hector Berlioz wrote his ''Harold en Italie'' for orchestra with viola obbligato at the request of Niccolò Paganini, who refused to play the work. Berlioz offered the solo viola part to Urhan and the premiere was given on 23 November 1834 at the Paris Conservatory.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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